> Pictorial depth perception
In the map size gradients are used in the icons to illustrate which highlights are passed first by taking the ‘correct’ route. By using these size gradients the viewer can see that an object that in reality would have the same size becomes smaller when it is further away. Therefore the icon at the start of the route is the biggest and the icons become smaller when the route is passed.
Depth of focus is used in the map with a gradient, when an object is further away it becomes harder to see. With the gradient over the last part of the route this is simulated to be further away.
The path on the map is placed in perspective, from wide to narrow, which simulates the path goes to the horizon, so away from the viewer.
> Spatial lay-out
The grey blocks representing building area’s are placed in such a way horizontal and vertical alignment can be recognized. This grouping reveals to viewers where they can walk.
> Pattern
With the use of different colored lines and (almost) enclosing contours patterns are created. By looking at these lines a viewer can recognize the route of the tour and the water surrounding the city.
> Focal attention
The eye is automatically lead to the lighter part of the image, which also the start of the route. From here the viewer starts to look for useful information and proceeds over the pathway, following the route.
>Pop-out effects & planning eye movement.
The first thing what catches the eye is the person at the bottom, because its size and large contrast with the background. The same counts for the colored path standing out on the map.
This way we guide the eye movement. First you find yourself on the map, then the collored path guides you trough the map in the right direction. Supporting this, Icons on the map are different in size to guide the eye through them in the intended order. Also, on the route you find buildingblocks with a darker color, they stand out more than the others.
The path's color starts light, is most colored in the middle and narrows to the end.
This way your eyes are guided from the figure on the bottom to the high colored stroke.
From there the attention can be divided over the icons or over the narrowing stroke, which loses more attention due to its less prominent appearance.
>Sign language
Many symbols are used in this picture.
-icon for human figure. Nose points in the right direction. We still consider to use gesture of the figure, like pointing, to guide the eye to the colored path.
-the map of delft
Must be learned to recognize it as Delft, otherwise it must have leads to concieve it as a map.
-silhouettes
represents the object in an only visual, easy to recognize picture.
-icon for shopping area
Uses an object which links to the act/buildings: shopping bag represents the shopping
-icon for musea
a stately buildig icon supported with the letter M of musea. It is a combination of a visual and a language mode of expression.
-logo of the NS
Is hard to link to the railway station without having knowledge forehand.
Logos as the human figure and NS are considered as well known
Others are considered to be representable enough to be accepted.
